CRUSADE OF THE CROSS-the last Inca Emperor

Americas are awakening to the realities of the History, sadly it is partial awakening because they are still feeling shy of candidly naming the Christian Cross as the culprit, that eliminated to the point of extinction three great civilizations, Incas, Mayans and Aztecs; eliminated various languages and dialects and above all this, eliminated the very pride of being themselves! President Hugo Chavez of Venezuela is now talking about rectifying Eurocentric history by, starting with, renaming 12th Oct.- the day Christopher Columbus landed in Bahamas- as ‘indigenous resistance day’. They have removed the statue of Columbus from the city plaza in Caracas and a statue of Maria Lionza, a legendary indigenous queen who is these days, the subject of a thriving cult, has been prominently restored and may replace that of Columbus. Avenue Columbus has now been named Avenue ‘Indigenous Resistance’ and Hugo Chavez himself has started taking pride in re-inventing his own Grand mother who he boasts to have been an ‘indigenous’.

While Chavez does his half best, let me introduce my readers to story of 29th August 1533 of the fall of Atahuallpa, the 13th and last emperor of the Incas and his conversion to Christianity.
High in the Andes Mountains of Peru, the Inca built a dazzling empire that governed a population of 12 million people. Although they had no writing system, they had an elaborate government, great public works, and a brilliant agricultural system. In the five years before the Spanish arrival, a devastating war of succession gripped the empire. In 1532, Atahuallpa's army defeated the forces of his half-brother Huáscar in a battle near Cuzco. Atahuallpa was consolidating his rule when Pizarro and his 180 soldiers appeared. Francisco Pizarro was the son of a Spanish gentleman and worked as a swine herder in his youth. He became a soldier and in 1502 went to Hispaniolawith the new Spanish governor of the New World colony. Pizarro served under Spanish conquistador Alonso de Ojeda during his expedition to Colombia in 1510 and was with Vasco Núñez de Balboa when he discovered the Pacific Ocean in 1513.Hearing legends of the great wealth of an Indian civilization in South America,Pizarro formed an alliance with fellow conquistador Diego de Almagro in 1524 andsailed down the west coast of South America from Panama. The first expedition only penetrated as far as present-day Ecuador, but a second reached farther, to present-day Peru. There they heard firsthand accounts of the Inca empire andobtained Inca artifacts. The Spanish christened the new land Peru, probably after the Vire River.Returning to Panama, Pizarro planned an expedition of conquest, but the Spanish governor refused to back the scheme. In 1528, Pizarro sailed back to Spain to ask the support of Emperor Charles V. Hernán Cortés had recently brought the emperor great wealth through his conquest of the Aztec Empire, and Charles approved Pizarro's plan. He also promised that Pizarro, not Almagro, would receive the majority of the expedition's profits. In 1530,Pizarro returned to Panama.In 1531, he sailed down to Peru, landing at Tumbes.He led his army up the Andes Mountains and on November 15, 1532, reached the Inca town of Cajamarca, where Atahuallpa was enjoying the hot springs in preparation for his march on Cuzco, the capital of his brother's kingdom. Pizarro invited Atahuallpa to attend a feast in his honor, and the emperor accepted. Having just won one of the largest battles in Inca history, and with an army of 30,000 men at his disposal, Atahuallpa thought he had nothing to fear from the bearded white stranger and his 180 men. Pizarro, however, planned an ambush, setting up his artillery at the square of Cajamarca.On November 16,Atahuallpa arrived at the meeting place with an escort of several thousand men, all apparently unarmed. Pizarro sent out a priest to exhort the emperor to accept the sovereignty of Christianity and Emperor Charles V., and Atahuallpa refused, flinging a Bible handed to him to the ground in disgust. Pizarro immediately ordered an attack. Buckling under an assault by the terrifying Spanish artillery, guns, and cavalry (all of which were alien to the Incas),thousands of Incas were slaughtered, and the emperor was captured. Atahuallpa offered to fill a room with treasure as ransom for his release, and Pizarroaccepted. Eventually, some 24 tons of gold and silver were brought to the Spanish from throughout the Inca empire. Although Atahuallpa had provided the richest ransom in the history of the world, Pizarro treacherously put him ontrial for plotting to overthrow the Spanish, for having his half-brother Huáscar murdered, and for several other lesser charges. A Spanish tribunal convicted Atahuallpa and sentenced him to die. On August 29, 1533, the emperor was tied to a stake and offered the choice of being burned alive or strangled by garrote if he converted to Christianity. In the hope of preserving his body for mummification, Atahuallpa chose the latter, and an iron collar was tightened around his neck until he died. With Spanish reinforcements that had arrived at Cajamarca earlier that year, Pizarro then marched on Cuzco, and the Inca capital fell without a struggle in November 1533. Huáscar's brother Manco Capac was installed as a puppet emperor, and the city of Quito was subdued. Pizarroestablished himself as Spanish governor of Inca territory and offered Diego Almagro the conquest of Chile as appeasement for claiming the riches of the Incacivilization for himself. In 1535, Pizarro established the city of Lima on the coast to facilitate communication with Panama. The next year, Manco Capac escaped from Spanish supervision and led an unsuccessful uprising that wasquickly crushed.
That marked the end of Inca resistance to Spanish rule.Diego Almagro returned from Chile embittered by the poverty of that country and demanded his share of the spoils of the former Inca empire. Civil war soon brokeout over the dispute, and Almagro seized Cuzco in 1538. Pizarro sent his half brother, Hernando, to reclaim the city, and Almagro was defeated and put to death. On June 26, 1541, allies of Diego el Monzo--Almagro's son—penetrated Pizarro's palace in Lima and assassinated the conquistador while he was eating dinner. Diego el Monzo proclaimed himself governor of Peru, but an agent of theSpanish crown refused to recognize him, and in 1542 Diego was captured and executed. Conflict and intrigue among the conquistadors of Peru persisted until Spanish Viceroy Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza established order in the late 1550s.

This was not the first of its kind of debauchery that took place in the name of Christ, Cross or Christinity … …… and it wasn’t the last, each day many Atahuallpa’s world over become victims to the deceit of Pizarro’s. India’s north east is quite rich of such story treasures, all we need is to explore!
God Bless!
SHYAM

The only ‘Muslim Nobel Laureate’ till 1979, except Anwar Sadat.

Doctor Professor Abdus Salam was born in Jhang, now in Pakistan, on January 29, 1926, of a father who was an official in the local department of education. He went to school in Lahore and when, at the age of 14, he cycled home to Jhang after gaining the highest marks ever recorded for the matriculation examination of the Punjab University, the entire town turned out to welcome him.

He won a scholarship to Government College, Lahore, from where he took his MA in 1946 and was awarded a scholarship to St John’s College, Cambridge. In 1949, he took a BA (Honours), with a double first in mathematics and physics and the following year was awarded the Smith’s Prize from Cambridge for the most outstanding pre-doctoral contribution to physics. His PhD thesis on theoretical physics was published in 1951. After returning to Pakistan, he taught mathematics at his old college and in 1952 was appointed head of the mathematics department of the Punjab University.
In March 1953, widespread disturbances broke out in Punjab, instigated by the Muslim ulema against the Qadiani Ahmedis. The demand was that they be declared a non-Muslim minority. Interestingly, the arguments applied upon Qadiani Ahmedis, also befit Bori's, Agakhani's, Momin's et al, but please note that unlike the rest -who are Very-rich-with- money, the Qadiani Ahmedis are largely peasants and farmers.

Turning back to Salam, he had to leave his homeland in 1954 for a lectureship at Cambridge, where he kept working.

Meanwhile, on September 21, 1974, the Second Amendment to the constitution of 1973 was enacted. The Qadiani Ahmedis community was finally (the exercise began in 1953) shorn of its majority rights and declared a non-Muslim minority after it had existed as part of the majority since the birth of the country in 1947.

The 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics was shared equally between Sheldon Glashow, Steven Weinberg and Salam “for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current.”
Sadly, in the early 1990s Salam suffered a rare nervous disease which affected his speech and his bodily movements, leaving his mind perfectly clear. He died in in Cambridge 1996, and his body was taken back to Pakistan,. Today he is buried in Chenab Nagar , earlier known as Rabhwa. Internationally renowned only Muslim Nobel Laureat’s gravestone has been amended to comically read ‘The First blankety-blank Nobel Laureate,’ the word Muslim having been brutally erased.
Some 59-odd years ago, Mussalman leader Abul Kalam Azad, a genuine true maulana, a profoundly educated man, who habitually and openly imbibed of that God-given fine malt drink and made no bones about it, was heard to murmur one balmy evening, ‘Ummmm, but we must not forget that India is a country whereas Pakistan is an experiment.’ He was quite right in his prophesy, just that he missed calling it a ‘failed’ experiment.’